Plants at Lumbee Tribe Cultural Center
Opposite of the woody plants, herbaceous plants do not have woody tissue, and they can be annuals, perennials, or biennials. Annuals live only one year, biennials live two seasons, and perennials live more than two years. The stem of the herbaceous plants is comprised mostly of cellulose, making them flexible (BD Editors 2017). All herbaceous plants either partially or completely die off during the winter. For perennials, most of the plant dies during these periods, but they persist underground – which is why they are able to return more than once, but for annuals, the entire plant dies during the winter season, and new plants later emerge from seeds (Beaulieu 2021). As for biennials, rosette growth is common near the surface of the ground during the first season, and then stem elongation occurs in the second season (TAMU 2001).
Woody Plants
Woody plants are described as perennial, which means they live for more than two years. Woody plants consist of three groups: shrubs, vines, and trees (GPNC 2017). Trees are classified as one stemmed plants with heights over fifteen feet, shrubs are multi-stemmed and below fifteen feet high, and vines are classified as having a clinging growth. Woody plant species can be diverse in varying climates, depending on soil nutrients, amount of rain, amount of sunlight, and temperature (Streich 2007).
The Importance of Plants
Plants are the building blocks of all food chains and webs in ecosystems because of their ability to produce their own food using the energy from the sun. Many different native plant species are used as food for animals and humans, and the wood is also used as a source for building and/or firewood (MSU 2016). Plants contribute to ecosystem regulation. Plants provide soil erosion preventions along wetland areas and those areas that are prone to flooding. Regulation of greenhouse gases is another contributing factor that involves plants and their absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) and reintroduction of oxygen (O2) (MSU 2016). Plants are important in regulating the water cycle by stabilizing bodies of water and having roots that keep soil ecosystems together by improving soil stability. Another way plants regulate the water cycle is through transpiration, which is the release of water from a plant’s leaf, is the reason for around 10% of the atmosphere's moisture (Greentumble 2016). Natural cooling is an aspect of green plants because they have leaves that can block and prevent the suns heating, which is very beneficial for many of the animals living under them (LGM 2017).
References
Beaulieu, David. 2021. What Are Herbaceous Plants? https://www.thespruce.com/what-are-herbaceous-plants-2131063 . The Spruce. Biology Dictionary (BD) Editors. April 2017.
Great Plains Nature Center (GPNC). 2017. Woody Plants. https://biologydictionary.net/herbaceous/ .
Greentumble. 2016. How Do Plants Help the Environment. https://greentumble.com/how-do-plants-help-the-environment/ .
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Leaf Group Media (LGM). 2017. Why are Green Plants Important to the Environment? https://sciencing.com/green-plants-important-environment-6169077.html .
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Michigan State University (MSU). 2016. Native Plants and Ecosystem Services. https://www.canr.msu.edu/nativeplants/ecosystem_services/ .
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Schalau, Jeff 2016. Backyard Gardener. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension https://cals.arizona.edu/yavapai/anr/hort/byg/archive/understandingplantroots.html .